The sample stage is rigidly coupled to the spectrometer to ensure high mechanical stability, while focusing is achieved by adjusting the objective position. The system incorporates high-throughput achromatic optics optimized across the full spectral range, enabling efficient signal collection.

Raman spectra are typically acquired in the range of 50–4000 cm⁻¹. Additionally, the system includes a low-frequency filtering module, allowing access to ultra-low wavenumber modes down to ~5 cm⁻¹ (for 633 nm excitation), which is critical for probing lattice vibrations and weak intermolecular interactions.

The laboratory is organized into two complementary platforms:

• a nano-Raman system based on AFM-coupled TERS, enabling nanoscale chemical characterization with enhanced spatial resolution, and
• a micro-Raman system, designed for conventional diffraction-limited spectroscopy with high spectral resolution and flexibility for in situ experiments.